The Elements

Biosecurity

Biosecurity is an integral part of any successful agricultural production system. It refers to those measures taken to prevent or control the introduction and spread of infectious agents. In practical terms, biosecurity is the first and most effective defence against the introduction of disease.

This element of the toolkit contains material that includes:

guidance on enhancing biosecurity arrangements for production enterprises, including in live bird markets and small-scale producers and processors
how to develop biosecurity objectives and standards
examples of national approaches to biosecurity policy and implementation, including various country initiatives
strategies to reduce the risk of infection from animal to animal, and animal to human
issues and practical considerations of a successful biosecurity implementation program for various poultry industry sectors
examples of legislation and controls that are used to influence biosecurity practice.

Case Studies
Documents

Case Studies

Agriculture-Associated Diseases: Adapting Agriculture to Improve Human Health

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22/02/2011 3:15:51 PM

Agriculture and health are intimately linked. Many diseases have agricultural roots—food-borne diseases, water associated diseases, many zoonoses, most emerging infectious diseases, and occupational diseases associated with agrifood chains. As agriculture-associated diseases occur at the interface of human health, animal health, agriculture, and ecosystems, addressing them often requires systems-based thinking and multi-disciplinary approaches. MacDermott and Grace discuss this thinking.
Animal Migration and Infectious Disease Risk

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25/01/2011 2:41:20 PM

New research has also shown that migration allows hosts to escape from infected habitats, reduces disease levels when infected animals do not migrate successfully, and may lead to the evolution of less-virulent pathogens. Migratory demands can also reduce immune function, with consequences for host susceptibility and mortality. Studies of pathogen dynamics in migratory species and how these will respond to global change are urgently needed to predict future disease risks for wildlife and humans alike.
Avian influenza virus risk assessment in falconry

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12/05/2011 4:20:49 PM

Falconers might be a potential risk group for Avian Influenza viruses because they have close contact to their hunting birds (raptors such as falcons and hawks) as well as their avian prey such as gulls and ducks. Both (hunting birds and prey birds) seem to be highly susceptible to some AIV strains, especially H5N1.
Improving bio-security in Laos PDR

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6/05/2009 12:50:59 PM

This FAO article describes the processes and successes of a Lao pilot project using participatory action research to identify and implement feasible biosecurity measures in villages. Useful to those wanting to know how to support behavioural change at the village level.
Qualitative Risk Assessment of the Risk of Introduction and Transmission of H5N1 HPAI Virus for 1-km Buffer

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22/06/2009 2:52:41 PM

This 2009 FAO Pro-Poor report assesses the success of poultry compartmentalisation introduced in Thailand and provides a number of recommendations for further assessment of risk pathways. Useful for those planners considering implementing compartmentalisation strategies.
Smallholder Poultry Certification for Pro-Poor HPAI Risk Reduction

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22/05/2009 2:51:55 PM

This Pro-Poor case study describes a pilot study carried out in Northern Viet Nam for using certification of poultry origins to encourage smallholder poultry farmers to invest in and practice better biosecurity in order to access the local ‘safety-guaranteed’ chicken market.
The Australian Rural and Outback Awards

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10/12/2009 3:58:59 PM

This case study discusses the Farm Biosecurity component of the Australian Rural and Outback Awards – a new initiative aimed at recognising and rewarding high-achievers in the area of on-farm biosecurity management.
The Farmers Club of Thoi Quang

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9/11/2011 4:42:58 PM

A case study of the Farmers Club of Thoi Quang commune in Viet Nam’s Kien Giang province. Discusses the improvements in livelihoods, hygiene, farm safety practices, and general wellbeing resulting from a joint FAO-AED-USAID community engagement project.

Documents

Associations between attributes of live poultry trade and HPAI H5N1 outbreaks: a descriptive and network analysis study in northern Vietnam

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18/03/2010 3:16:30 PM

This document, prepared for BioMed Central Veterinary Research, reviews the flow of live poultry in a poultry trade network in northern Vietnam, and describes the associations between attributes of live poultry trade and highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 outbreaks.
Australian National Farm Biosecurity Manual (Poultry Production)

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22/06/2009 2:33:42 PM

Developed collaboratively by Australian industry and government representatives, the national industry biosecurity manual contains a minimum set of standards applicable to all commercial sectors within the poultry industry. Provides a useful example of what a set of national industry biosecurity standards could incorporate.
Australian Veterinary Emergency Plan (AUSVETPLAN) - Avian Influenza Manual

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24/10/2008 10:18:54 AM

Response document on avian influenza, which forms part of the Australian Veterinary Emergency Plan (AUSVETPLAN) . AUSVETPLAN is a series of technical response plans that describe the proposed Australian approach to an exotic disease incursion. The documents provide guidance based on sound analysis, linking policy, strategies, implementation, coordination and emergency-management plans. They are continuously updated to ensure their accuracy. To check for current version go to the AUSVETPLAN section of the Animal Health Australia website at http://www.animalhealthaustralia.com.au/programs/eadp/ausvetplan_home.cfm
Australian Veterinary Emergency Plan (AUSVETPLAN) - Decontamination Manual

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24/10/2008 10:54:17 AM

Response document on disinfection procedures, which forms part of the Australian Veterinary Emergency Plan (AUSVETPLAN). AUSVETPLAN is a series of technical response plans that describe the proposed Australian approach to an exotic disease incursion. The documents provide guidance based on sound analysis, linking policy, strategies, implementation, coordination and emergency-management plans. They are continuously updated to ensure their accuracy. To check for current version go to the AUSVETPLAN section of the Animal Health Australia website at http://www.animalhealthaustralia.com.au/programs/eadp/ausvetplan_home.cfm
Australian Veterinary Emergency Plan (AUSVETPLAN) - Destruction Manual

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24/10/2008 11:01:02 AM

Response document on destruction procedures, which forms part of the Australian Veterinary Emergency Plan (AUSVETPLAN). AUSVETPLAN is a series of technical response plans that describe the proposed Australian approach to an exotic disease incursion. The documents provide guidance based on sound analysis, linking policy, strategies, implementation, coordination and emergency-management plans. They are continuously updated to ensure their accuracy. To check for current version go to the AUSVETPLAN section of the Animal Health Australia website at http://www.animalhealthaustralia.com.au/programs/eadp/ausvetplan_home.cf
Australian Veterinary Emergency Plan (AUSVETPLAN) - Disposal Manual

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24/10/2008 11:07:08 AM

Response document on disposal procedures, which forms part of the Australian Veterinary Emergency Plan (AUSVETPLAN). AUSVETPLAN is a series of technical response plans that describe the proposed Australian approach to an exotic disease incursion. The documents provide guidance based on sound analysis, linking policy, strategies, implementation, coordination and emergency-management plans. They are continuously updated to ensure their accuracy. To check for current version go to the AUSVETPLAN section of the Animal Health Australia website at http://www.animalhealthaustralia.com.au/programs/eadp/ausvetplan_home.cf
Biosecurity for backyard and semi-intensive small-scale poultry flocks

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28/01/2009 12:35:34 PM

An FAO presentation on biosecurity for backyard and semi-intensive small-scale poultry flocks to an APEC Workshop on Avian Influenza Risks in the Live Bird Market System, 9 June 2008, Bali, Indonesia.
Biosecurity for HPAI: Promoting and Supporting Actions for Risk Reduction

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25/05/2009 3:22:57 PM

Summary of key messages derived from the 2008 FAO, OIE and World Bank jointly published report ‘Biosecurity for HPAI: Issues and Options’. Useful for those looking for an overview of key issues associated with biosecurity.
Control of HPAI - Epidemiologial and Economic Aspects

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31/08/2011 10:50:31 AM

A study performed by LEI (Agricultural Economics Institute) Wageningen UR together with the Central Veterinary Institute (CVI) looked at the practice of culling chickens on farm in economic and epidemiological terms. One finding was that culling on farms within a radius of 1 to 3 km of infected farms is the best method of combating Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza.
Evidence-based policy for Controlling HPAI in Poultry

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15/10/2008 2:54:36 PM

A study of smallholder backyard poultry flocks and an assessment of their risk of infection compared to larger commercial operations. The results of this study are an important consideration when developing control or prevention strategies for HPAI.

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